ABSTRACT

Ad hoc networks have been of great interest among scholars of the field, due to their flexibility, quick setup, high potentiality, and also their application in the battle field, fire, earthquakes, where there is no hope to setup infrastructure networks. network dynamic, high mobility of nodes, the nature of broadcast communication ,short durability of mobile devices batteries, transmission errors and as a result packet loss and limited bandwidth of bands, all cause the routing in those networks to be more difficult than the other networks.