ABSTRACT

Microarray technology consists of an array of thousands of microscopic spots of DNA oligonucleotides attached to a solid surface. It is a very powerful technique for analyzing gene expressions as well as to explore the underlying genetic causes of many human diseases. There are numerous applications of this technology, including environmental health research, drug design and discovery, clinical diagnosis and treatment and in cancer detection. The spots, which represent genes in microarray experiment contains the quantitative information that needs to be extracted accurately. For this process, preprocessing of microarray plays an essential role and it is also influential in future steps of the analysis. The three microarray preprocessing steps include gridding, segmentation and quantification. The first step is gridding, refers to the identification of the centre coordinates of each spot. The second step is segmentation, refers to the process of separating foreground and background fluorescence intensities. Segmentation is very important step as it directly affects the accuracy of gene expression analysis in the data mining process that follows. Accurate segmentation is one of the vital steps in microarray image processing. A novel method for segmentation of microarray image is proposed which accurately segment the spots from background when compared with adaptive threshold, combined global and local threshold and fuzzy c-means clustering methods. Experimental results show that our proposed method provides better segmentation and improved intensity values than the above existing methods.